1. Introduction Over the past few years, worldwide consumption of energy has been steadily rising as a result of growing urbanisation and industrialisation [3]. The main energy source is still traditional fossil fuels such coal, oil, and natural gas [34]. Utilising sustainable and renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, tidal hydropower, and biomass, is necessary to address the world’s…
Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent male sexual health disorder, affecting an estimated 150–200 million men worldwide, with incidence rising sharply with age and comorbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.[1] The condition has a profound impact on quality of life, self-esteem, and intimate relationships, making effective management a critical clinical and social need.[2] Current therapeutic options…
Introduction Menorrhagia, known as Kasrat-e-Tams in Unani medicine, represents one of the most prevalent gynecological disorders affecting women of reproductive age globally. Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is clinically defined as excessive menstrual blood loss that significantly interferes with a woman’s physical, social, emotional, and material quality of life, either occurring independently or in combination with other symptoms [1-2]. The condition…
Belching (Jushā or Ḍakār) is a common physiological process in which air from the stomach is expelled through the mouth. While often benign, persistent or excessive belching is regarded in Unani medicine as a sign of underlying gastric or systemic imbalance. Traditional Unani physicians interpreted belching not merely as a mechanical expulsion of gas but as a diagnostic symptom, reflecting…
Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most relevant and high-risk diseases in the world’s population, thus increasing the cases of mortality derived from cardiovascular problems in people. the risk factors within this problem have been studied in such a way that more accessible solutions can be found for those who suffer from it. Derived from that there are different alternatives…
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